Until 1885, nails were constructed from wrought iron. The top two edges of the nail are slightly rounded from the die going through, and the bottom two edges have little ridges or burrs. 1790 to 1890 - During this period, machines stamped nails from sheets of iron using dies like cookie cutters.Hand-forged nails usually date a piece of antique furniture to before 1790. Before 1790 - Nails were made by hand before 1790, which means a blacksmith turned the nail and then added a "rose head" by flattening the top with a hammer.According to the Journal of Antiques, nail styles and construction changed dramatically throughout the years. Are they uniform in size? Are they round or square? You can use the characteristics of the nail to date your hardware and antique furniture. If your piece has nails used in it, look carefully at the individual nails. Nail construction also changed dramatically over the years. Winchester Firearms Values of Antique ModelsĮxamining Antique Nail Construction for Age.Antique Pottery Marks to Identify Makers & Age.Types of Antique Drawer Pulls With Pictures.Fully machine-made screws quickly became the norm, and most furniture from the late 19th century and after features screws that are uniform. 1856 and later - The first screws to be made completely by machine date to 1856.In screws from this era, the rest of the screw is uniform, but the slots will vary in placement. The furniture maker had to cut the slot with a hacksaw, and it was often off center. Mid-19th century - During the middle of the 1800s, furniture makers often used machine-made screws, but they screws did not have a slot.The thread pattern on these screws will be more uniform, but the heads and slots may still be off center. Early 19th century - Until about 1846, screws were made partially by machine.The screws will not be uniform with heads off center and slots off center on the heads. In handmade screws, you will notice variation in size and shape of screws used in a piece of furniture. 18th century and earlier - Prior to the early 19th century, most screws were made by hand.Is the slot on the top of the screw centered? Is the head of the screw centered? Are all the screws in a piece the same? According to the Journal of Antiques, there are many clues in screw construction that hint at dates: Take a moment to look at the screws attaching the hardware to the furniture or holding the furniture together.
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How to Date Furniture Hardware: Age of Screws
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